3D Bohr-model representation of the Titanium atom (symbol Ti, atomic number Z=22). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 10, 2 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Bohr model of titanium
Titanium (Ti) has 22 electrons, spread over 4 shells. The diagram places them on circles around the nucleus, from the K shell — the closest — outward.
| Shell | Electrons |
|---|---|
| K (n = 1) | 2 |
| L (n = 2) | 8 |
| M (n = 3) | 10 |
| N (n = 4) | 2 |
The Bohr model is a teaching picture: electrons do not travel in circular orbits, but the number of electrons per shell is exact.
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Introduction to X-ray diffraction
Bragg's law, single crystals and powders, structural applications (DNA to perovskites).
13 minElectron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²
Short[Ar] 3d² 4s²
Valence electrons4
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M10
N2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.54
Allen1.38
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical140 pm
Calculated176 pm
Covalent160 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+460.5 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁658.8 kJ/mol
I₂1309.8 kJ/mol
I₃2652.5 kJ/mol
I₄4174.6 kJ/mol
I₅9581 kJ/mol
Electron affinity7.6 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-2-10+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.
Warm-up
Titanium — do you remember?
3 questions on this page. The right answer shows every time, and nothing is asked of you to play.
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