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Scandium
Block dPeriod 4Group 3solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
Atomic mass :44.955908 u
3D Bohr-model representation of the Scandium atom (symbol Sc, atomic number Z=21). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 9, 2 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²
Short[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
Valence electrons3
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M9
N2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.36
Allen1.19
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical160 pm
Calculated184 pm
Covalent170 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+374.5 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁633.1 kJ/mol
I₂1234.9 kJ/mol
I₃2388.6 kJ/mol
I₄7090.6 kJ/mol
I₅8843 kJ/mol
Electron affinity18.1 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
+1+2+3
Bold states = most common.