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3D Bohr-model representation of the Palladium atom (symbol Pd, atomic number Z=46). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 18 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
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Catalysis
Catalyst, activation energy, energy profile. Homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic catalysis.
11 minElectron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰
Short[Kr] 4d¹⁰
Valence electrons10
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N18
Electronegativity
Pauling2.2
Allen1.58
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical140 pm
Calculated169 pm
Covalent139 pm
Van der Waals163 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+286 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁804.4 kJ/mol
I₂1870 kJ/mol
I₃3177 kJ/mol
Electron affinity53.7 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
0+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.