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15P30.9737

Phosphorus

Reactive nonmetalsBlock pPeriod 3Group 15solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Ne] 3s² 3p³
Atomic mass :30.973761998 u
French :Phosphore
3D Bohr-model representation of the Phosphorus atom (symbol P, atomic number Z=15). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 5 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational

Electron configuration

Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³
Short[Ne] 3s² 3p³
Valence electrons5
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M5

Electronegativity

Pauling2.19
Allen2.253
Mulliken (eV)

Atomic radii

Empirical100 pm
Calculated98 pm
Covalent107 pm
Van der Waals180 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
-3212 pm

Successive ionisation energies

I₁1011.8 kJ/mol
I₂1907 kJ/mol
I₃2914.1 kJ/mol
I₄4963.6 kJ/mol
I₅6273.9 kJ/mol
Electron affinity72 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

-3-2-10+1+2+3+4+5
Bold states = most common.
Period 3Block pIUPAC Group 15Family Reactive nonmetals
Sources : NIST Atomic Weights & Isotopic Compositions, IUPAC Recommendations, CODATA. Methodology