Nickel
Block dPeriod 4Group 10solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²
Atomic mass :58.6934 u
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Modèle de Bohr · pédagogique
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²
Short[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²
Valence electrons10
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M16
N2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.91
Allen1.88
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical135 pm
Calculated149 pm
Covalent124 pm
Van der Waals163 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+269 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁737.1 kJ/mol
I₂1753 kJ/mol
I₃3395 kJ/mol
I₄5300 kJ/mol
I₅7339 kJ/mol
Electron affinity112 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-2-10+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.