3D Bohr-model representation of the Copper atom (symbol Cu, atomic number Z=29). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Bohr model of copper
Copper (Cu) has 29 electrons, spread over 4 shells. The diagram places them on circles around the nucleus, from the K shell — the closest — outward.
| Shell | Electrons |
|---|---|
| K (n = 1) | 2 |
| L (n = 2) | 8 |
| M (n = 3) | 18 |
| N (n = 4) | 1 |
The Bohr model is a teaching picture: electrons do not travel in circular orbits, but the number of electrons per shell is exact.
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7 minElectron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Short[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Valence electrons11
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N1
Electronegativity
Pauling1.9
Allen1.85
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical135 pm
Calculated145 pm
Covalent132 pm
Van der Waals140 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+177 pm
+273 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁745.5 kJ/mol
I₂1957.9 kJ/mol
I₃3555 kJ/mol
I₄5536 kJ/mol
I₅7700 kJ/mol
Electron affinity118.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-20+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.
Warm-up
Copper — do you remember?
3 questions on this page. The right answer shows every time, and nothing is asked of you to play.
No account · one minute