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Copper
Block dPeriod 4Group 11solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Atomic mass :63.546 u
French :Cuivre
Latin :Cuprum
3D Bohr-model representation of the Copper atom (symbol Cu, atomic number Z=29). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Short[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Valence electrons11
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N1
Electronegativity
Pauling1.9
Allen1.85
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical135 pm
Calculated145 pm
Covalent132 pm
Van der Waals140 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+177 pm
+273 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁745.5 kJ/mol
I₂1957.9 kJ/mol
I₃3555 kJ/mol
I₄5536 kJ/mol
I₅7700 kJ/mol
Electron affinity118.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-20+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.