3D Bohr-model representation of the Ruthenium atom (symbol Ru, atomic number Z=44). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Bohr model of ruthenium
Ruthenium (Ru) has 44 electrons, spread over 5 shells. The diagram places them on circles around the nucleus, from the K shell — the closest — outward.
| Shell | Electrons |
|---|---|
| K (n = 1) | 2 |
| L (n = 2) | 8 |
| M (n = 3) | 18 |
| N (n = 4) | 15 |
| O (n = 5) | 1 |
The Bohr model is a teaching picture: electrons do not travel in circular orbits, but the number of electrons per shell is exact.
Related lesson
Homogeneous catalysis
Catalysts in solution, transition-metal complexes, Wilkinson's hydrogenation.
13 minElectron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁷ 5s¹
Short[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Valence electrons8
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N15
O1
Electronegativity
Pauling2.2
Allen1.54
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical130 pm
Calculated178 pm
Covalent146 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+462 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁710.2 kJ/mol
I₂1620 kJ/mol
I₃2747 kJ/mol
Electron affinity101.3 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-4-20+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8
Bold states = most common.
Warm-up
Ruthenium — do you remember?
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