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Ruthenium
Block dPeriod 5Group 8solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Atomic mass :101.07 u
French :Ruthénium
3D Bohr-model representation of the Ruthenium atom (symbol Ru, atomic number Z=44). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Short[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Valence electrons8
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N15
O1
Electronegativity
Pauling2.2
Allen1.54
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical130 pm
Calculated178 pm
Covalent146 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+462 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁710.2 kJ/mol
I₂1620 kJ/mol
I₃2747 kJ/mol
Electron affinity101.3 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-4-20+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8
Bold states = most common.