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Niobium
Block dPeriod 5Group 5solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Atomic mass :92.90637 u
3D Bohr-model representation of the Niobium atom (symbol Nb, atomic number Z=41). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Short[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Valence electrons5
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N12
O1
Electronegativity
Pauling1.6
Allen1.41
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical145 pm
Calculated198 pm
Covalent164 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+564 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁652.1 kJ/mol
I₂1380 kJ/mol
I₃2416 kJ/mol
I₄3700 kJ/mol
I₅4877 kJ/mol
Electron affinity86.1 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-3-10+1+2+3+4+5
Bold states = most common.