3D Bohr-model representation of the Germanium atom (symbol Ge, atomic number Z=32). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 4 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Bohr model of germanium
Germanium (Ge) has 32 electrons, spread over 4 shells. The diagram places them on circles around the nucleus, from the K shell — the closest — outward.
| Shell | Electrons |
|---|---|
| K (n = 1) | 2 |
| L (n = 2) | 8 |
| M (n = 3) | 18 |
| N (n = 4) | 4 |
The Bohr model is a teaching picture: electrons do not travel in circular orbits, but the number of electrons per shell is exact.
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Short[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Valence electrons4
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N4
Electronegativity
Pauling2.01
Allen1.994
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical125 pm
Calculated125 pm
Covalent120 pm
Van der Waals211 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+453 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁762.2 kJ/mol
I₂1537.5 kJ/mol
I₃3302.1 kJ/mol
I₄4411 kJ/mol
I₅9020 kJ/mol
Electron affinity119 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-4-3-2-10+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.
Warm-up
Germanium — do you remember?
3 questions on this page. The right answer shows every time, and nothing is asked of you to play.
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