Gallium
Block pPeriod 4Group 13solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Atomic mass :69.723 u
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Modèle de Bohr · pédagogique
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Short[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Valence electrons3
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N3
Electronegativity
Pauling1.81
Allen1.756
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical130 pm
Calculated136 pm
Covalent122 pm
Van der Waals187 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+362 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁578.8 kJ/mol
I₂1979.3 kJ/mol
I₃2963 kJ/mol
I₄6180 kJ/mol
Electron affinity28.9 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-5-4-3-2-1+1+2+3
Bold states = most common.