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Gold
Block dPeriod 6Group 11solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
Atomic mass :196.96657 u
French :Or
Latin :Aurum
3D Bohr-model representation of the Gold atom (symbol Au, atomic number Z=79). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
Short[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
Valence electrons11
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N32
O18
P1
Electronegativity
Pauling2.54
Allen—
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical135 pm
Calculated174 pm
Covalent136 pm
Van der Waals166 pm
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+1137 pm
+385 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁890.1 kJ/mol
I₂1980 kJ/mol
Electron affinity222.8 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-3-2-10+1+2+3+5
Bold states = most common.