University11 min

Organometallics: counting to 18 electrons

Count a complex's valence electrons without mixing conventions, spot 16- and 17-electron species, and read back-donation from an IR spectrum.

The essentials

1

Organometallic and hapticity

An organometallic compound contains at least one direct metal–carbon bond (diethylzinc, 18491849; ferrocene, 19511951). The hapticity ηn\eta^n gives the number of carbons bound to the metal at once: η2\eta^2 alkene, η4\eta^4 diene, η5\eta^5 cyclopentadienyl (Cp), η6\eta^6 arene.
2

The 18-electron rule

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3

Two counting schemes, one total

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4

π back-donation

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5

16 electrons and catalysis

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