Middle school7 min

A first look at the periodic table

Periods, groups, four families to know — and how an element's column announces the ion it forms.

The essentials

1

The order of the table

118 elements, arranged by **increasing atomic number ZZ**. Mendeleev, in 1869, had ordered them by atomic mass; today ZZ is what counts.
2

Periods and groups

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3

Four families to know

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4

Why a column is alike

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5

Metals and non-metals

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ƒWrite my own sheetOr start from a blank page: rewriting a concept in your own words is how it sticks.