69Tm168.934
Thulium
LanthanidesBlock fPeriod 6solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Atomic mass :168.934218 u
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Modèle de Bohr · pédagogique
Electron configuration
Full[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Short[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Valence electrons3
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N31
O8
P2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.25
Allen—
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical175 pm
Calculated222 pm
Covalent190 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+388 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁596.7 kJ/mol
I₂1160 kJ/mol
I₃2285 kJ/mol
I₄4120 kJ/mol
Electron affinity—
Oxidation states
+2+3
Bold states = most common.