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90Th232.037
Thorium
ActinidesBlock fPeriod 7solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Rn] 6d² 7s²
Atomic mass :232.0377 u
3D Bohr-model representation of the Thorium atom (symbol Th, atomic number Z=90). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Electron configuration
Full[Rn] 6d² 7s²
Short[Rn] 6d² 7s²
Valence electrons4
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N32
O18
P10
Q2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.3
Allen—
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical180 pm
Calculated237 pm
Covalent206 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+494 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁587 kJ/mol
I₂1110 kJ/mol
I₃1930 kJ/mol
I₄2780 kJ/mol
Electron affinity—
Oxidation states
+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.