3D Bohr-model representation of the Hafnium atom (symbol Hf, atomic number Z=72). Electron shell configuration: 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 electrons.
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Bohr model · educational
Bohr model of hafnium
Hafnium (Hf) has 72 electrons, spread over 6 shells. The diagram places them on circles around the nucleus, from the K shell — the closest — outward.
| Shell | Electrons |
|---|---|
| K (n = 1) | 2 |
| L (n = 2) | 8 |
| M (n = 3) | 18 |
| N (n = 4) | 32 |
| O (n = 5) | 10 |
| P (n = 6) | 2 |
The Bohr model is a teaching picture: electrons do not travel in circular orbits, but the number of electrons per shell is exact.
Electron configuration
Full1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
Short[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
Valence electrons4
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N32
O10
P2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.3
Allen—
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical155 pm
Calculated208 pm
Covalent175 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+471 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁658.5 kJ/mol
I₂1440 kJ/mol
I₃2250 kJ/mol
I₄3216 kJ/mol
Electron affinity17.2 kJ/mol
Oxidation states
-20+1+2+3+4
Bold states = most common.
Warm-up
Hafnium — do you remember?
3 questions on this page. The right answer shows every time, and nothing is asked of you to play.
No account · one minute