64Gd157.25
Gadolinium
LanthanidesBlock fPeriod 6solid at 20 °C
Configuration :[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Atomic mass :157.25 u
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Modèle de Bohr · pédagogique
Electron configuration
Full[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Short[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Valence electrons3
KLMNOPQ shells
K2
L8
M18
N25
O9
P2
Electronegativity
Pauling1.2
Allen—
Mulliken (eV)—
Atomic radii
Empirical180 pm
Calculated233 pm
Covalent196 pm
Van der Waals—
Ionic radii (Shannon-Prewitt)
+393.8 pm
Successive ionisation energies
I₁593.4 kJ/mol
I₂1170 kJ/mol
I₃1990 kJ/mol
I₄4250 kJ/mol
Electron affinity—
Oxidation states
+1+2+3
Bold states = most common.